In recent years, there has been increasing discussion about the potential positive impact of videogames on various aspects of society. However, a recent scientific research paper takes this idea to a whole new level by utilizing an antique strategy simulation game, Age of Empires 2, to examine the importance of appropriately balancing the level design of one’s front lawn in order to prevent indigenous insects from being overrun by invading species. This unique study, conducted by researchers Samuel J. Lymbery, Bruce L. Webber, and Raphael K. Didham, sheds light on the intricate relationship between environmental shaping and the balance of power among different ant species.
Inspired by Lanchester’s Laws, the researchers utilize Age of Empires 2 as a tool to understand how human alterations to the environment affect the interaction between the indigenous Australian “meat ant” and the invasive Argentine ant. Lanchester’s Laws were initially formulated by M. Osipov and Frederick Lanchester to analyze the strategic advantages and potential casualties associated with new military technologies. In simple terms, Lanchester’s Linear Law highlights the limitations of hand-held weapons, such as spears, where each soldier can only engage one opponent at a time. Conversely, Lanchester’s Square Law illustrates the impact of modern weapons, such as guns, which enable individuals to focus-fire and quickly overpower their adversaries.
Through a series of simulated battles between Teutonic Knights and two-handed swordsmen in Age of Empires 2, the researchers demonstrate how terrain selection and chokepoints dramatically affect the outcome of confrontations. Similarly, laboratory battles between the Australian meat ant and the Argentine ant reveal that human interventions, such as clearing ground for various purposes, can inadvertently provide an edge to the smaller, more expansionist species. Age of Empires 2 players will find this finding unsurprising, as chokepoints have proven to be game-changers in numerous scenarios.
One intriguing aspect highlighted in the study is that under certain circumstances, the ants used in the laboratory battles refused to fight each other. This observation supports the study’s premise that when ant species are transported outside of their native ranges by human activity, conflicts may arise due to the absence of an evolutionary history of contact. The concept of “war” itself may be foreign to the ant world, but the consequences of human-mediated movement can force different species into unwarranted conflict. This realization prompts further contemplation on the ethical implications of human actions and their impact on the natural world.
It is essential to address the ethical concerns associated with research involving invertebrates. The paper’s Ethics Statement clarifies that in Western Australia, the use of invertebrates for research, excluding decapods and cephalopods, does not require animal ethics approval. While this may conform to local regulations, it raises questions about the broader ethical framework governing scientific research involving living organisms.
This groundbreaking study not only sheds light on the intricate relationship between human-mediated environmental changes and the balance of power among ant species but also demonstrates the potential of videogames as tools for scientific research. By utilizing Age of Empires 2, the researchers effectively analyze and present their findings in a relatable and engaging manner. It is a reminder of the unexpected ways in which videogames can contribute to our understanding of the world and inspire new avenues of research. As we continue to explore the impact of human actions on the natural environment, studies like this offer valuable insights into the need for mindful decision-making and responsible environmental management.
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